ADHD and Emotional/Behavioral Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a condition of hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention; included in other health impairments

Challenges:

  1. inattentiveness
  2. hyperactivity or impulsivity
  3. at risk for failing school, being suspended, abusing substances, dropping out of school, and having a very high rate of conflicts with their families over doing chores and their homework assignments
  4. parents often frustrated and stressed
  5. can negatively influence relationships with others
  6. can be rejected by peers and disliked by their teachers
  7. can feel friendless and lonely

Tips for Effective Instruction

Promote Effective Completion of Assignments

  1.  define goals clearly, and provide concrete examples
  2.  offer a rationale for completing the assignment
  3.  provide clear, concise, and step-by-step directions for all assignments both orally and in print
  4.  have students first review the assignment
  5.  list all materials needed
  6.  state specifically how much time is allowed
  7.  help students gauge and manage their time
  8. explain how assignments will be evaluated - provide a checklist of items to be included

 Provide Structures for On-Task Behavior

  1.  assign a classmate to help students stay on task
  2.  tailor pace of instruction to student's needs
  3.  arrange more frequent, yet shorter, study periods

  Support Self-Management Skills

  1.  have students evaluate their own work, helping to correct their mistakes
  2.  teach and have students practice study skills such as skimming, previewing, and  highlighting
  3. teach techniques such as learning strategies and the use of content organizers
  4. teach self-regulation strategies

 Utilize Effective Teaching Techniques

  1.  use methods that reflect the student's cultural style 
  2. monitor student learning and modify or supplement instruction if students appear to be struggling

Tips For Classroom Management

 Managing the Physical Environment

  1.  keep loud noise and distractions to a minimum
  2.  arrange desks for efficient traffic flow
  3. dismiss students in small groups

 Preventing Problem Behaviors

  1.  have a comprehensive behavior management plan
  2.  remind students of classroom rules
  3.  provide frequent feedback
  4.  deliver positive consequences immediately and frequently
  5.  introduce new activities and schedules incrementally

Supporting Student Independence

  1.  teach and support time management skills
  2.  teach students self-regulation strategies
  3.  warn students of approaching transitions

 Intervening for Problem Behaviors

  1.  stand close to the student
  2.  avoid drawing attention to the student's behavior
  3.  conceal your frustration and redirect behavior
  4.  explain clearly why the behavior is inappropriate
  5.  provide alternatives

Home and School can Collaborate to Share Best Practices

 A Few Examples of Ways to Help the Students at Both Home and School are

  1.  post a schedule for the week (school: on the corner of the student's desk; home: on the refrigerator)
  2.  set a time to discard out-of-date materials (school: clean out desk and locker every Friday afternoon; home: sort out the contents of your backpack every Saturday morning)
  3.  put things in the same place (school: worksheets to be completed in a stacking tray; home: homework and assignments in progress in a bin by the kitchen door)
  4.  use specific rewards and consequences for both appropriate and inappropriate behaviors (school: reward improved academic performance; lose points or privileges for breaking classroom rules; home: movie night for a good week at school; suspension of tv privileges for an evening for skipped chores)
 

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